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Francesc Eiximenis is an outstanding figure in the ranks of the mendicant orders who, in the late Middle Ages, strove to educate the lower echelons of society. Born in Gerona, around 1330, probably to a comfortable middle-class family, Eiximenis entered the Franciscan order at a very early age, studied in Oxford, and probably also in Paris, and obtained the degree of master of theology in Toulouse. Later he combined teaching with the composing of his works. Among these stands out the monumental and widely known Lo Crestià (The Christian), in which Eiximenis aimed to include all contemporary university knowledge, adapted for a lay public whose basic level of instruction was far below that of clerics. The same didactic purpose is seen in the Libro de los ángeles (Book of the Angels), the Libro de las mujeres (Book of the Women) and the Vita Christi. Eiximenis, by then bishop of Elna, died in 1409. Among the many themes that recur in his extensive literary production, this anthology concentrates on his ideas on the transmission of knowledge, on education and on culture. The introduction and selection of texts is by David Guixeras and Xavier Renedo.
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7 Introduction
19 The life of Francesc Eiximenis
23 Translator's preface
25 Table of abbreviations of Eiximenis' works
I FROM PARADISE TO THE CITY
29 On human ignorance
31 Paths to wisdom
44 Teachers, books and sermons
52 The translatio studii
II EDUCATION IN THE HOME
67 Parents and children
69 The education of children
77 On chastisement
90 On how to correct sloth
93 On how to reform feminine wickedness
III EDUCATION AND SOCIETY
105 The sovereign's book
108 The studies of citizens
112 The studies of a knight
114 The studies of women
128 The schooling of children
142 The education of servants
IV EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
147 Of the sense of hearing
151 Regarding one's teacher
153 Teaching and the spoken word
154 Education and playfulness
158 Diet and how to live
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